For a quick, easier search - http://www.isthisanmlm.com/ has compiled this whole thread. Special thanks to u/SHIFTnSPACE. - This is now a part of the sidebar as a button widget!
What is an MLM?
Multi-level marketing (MLM), also called pyramid selling, network marketing, and referral marketing, is a marketing strategy for the sale of products or services where the revenue of the MLM company is derived from a non-salaried workforce selling the company's products/services, while the earnings of the participants are derived from a pyramid-shaped or binary compensation commission system. THIS LIST MAY CONTAIN COMPANIES THAT HAVE PREVIOUSLY HAD MLM BRANCH BUT MAY NO LONGER HAVE ONE. If you see a company and are not sure that it belongs on this list, please reach out. I have compiled this list from the sources listed at the bottom along with input from community members. This list may not be 100% accurate but the goal is to get it as close as possible. 31 - Bags 5Linx - Home & Business Services Abby & Anna - Clothing ACAN Pacific - Utilities ACN - Utilities ActiLabs - Skincare/Health Adornable.U - Accessories Advocare - Dietary Supplements AeroGrow - Garden Tools Agnes & Dora - Clothing AIM Global - Nutritional Supplements Akasuka (Japan) - Alcone - Beauty Alice's Table - Flower Arrangement Classes All'asta - Home Goods Allysian Sciences - Aloe Vera of America (Young Living) - Nutritional Supplements Aloette - Beauty Alphay Int - Nutritional Supplements AlureVe - Skincare/Health Amare Global - Nutritional Supplements Ambit - Utilities Amelia James - Ameo - Essential Oils American Income Life - Financial Amsoil - Motor Oil Amway - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Ann Summers - Product Ann Summers (UK) - Adult Novelties Anorak (UK) - Home Goods Anran (China) - Apollo (India) - Juice Apriori - Skincare/Health AquaSource UK - Nutritional Supplements Arbonne - Skincare/Health ARIIX - Water Purification Arsoa Honsha (Japan) - Fitness/Weight Loss Asea Global - Nutritional Supplements Asirvia (shut down) - Marketing Aspire/Digital Altitude - Marketing ATC Coin - Crypto Currency Athena's - Adult Novelties Atomy - Skincare/Health Ava Anderson - Ava Rose - Clot Avisae - Weight Loss Avon - Beauty b:hip Global - Health Bachar Nutrition - Nutritional Supplements Bamboo Pink - Jewelry Barefoot Books - Books Bath.Ologie - Bath Bombs Beach Body - Fitness/Weight Loss Videos BearCereju (Japan) - Cosmetics BeautiControl - Beauty Counter - Cosmetics Beauty Society - Beauty beCAUSE Cosmetics - Cosmetics Become International (US & AUS) - Cosmetics Bedroom Kandi - Adult Novelties Beever (UK) - Hair Care BelCorp (Latin America) - Cosmetics Bellame - Skincare/Health Bemer - Appliances Better Way Design/Imports - Clothing Biogreen Argentina - BioPerformance - Automotive (Fuel Pills) Bod-e Pro - Nutritional Supplements Body by Vi/Visalus - Health Body Shop at Home - Beauty Boisset Collection - Wine Boston Finney (shut down) - Bounce Life/Network - Insurance Bud Star (Canada) - CBD/THC Products BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012) - Buskins - Clothing Butterfly Beauty - Cosmetics Cabi - Clothing Cambridge Weight Plan/Diet - Dietary Supplements CAN - Utilities Captain Tortue - Clothing Carico Int - Home Goods Celebrating Home - Home Goods Cellements - Skincare/Health CEO Movement (Not MLM but scammy) - Chalk Couture - Chalkboard Signs Chalky & Co - Home Goods Chandeal (Japan) - Clothing Charle (Japan) - Clothing Charlie's Project - Clothing Chef's Toolbox (AUS) (Insolvency) - Kitchen Accessories Cherish Natural Products - Chloe & Isabel - Jewelry Clever Container - Home Goods Close to My Heart - Scrapbooking Cloud 9 Parties - Adult Novelties Cobra Group/Appco - Cocoa Exchange - Food Color by Amber - Jewelry Color Happy - Color Street - Nail Wraps Colour Me Beautiful (UK) - Clothing Compelling Creations - Jewelry Conklin - Roofing Cookie Lee (shut down) - Cosway (Malaysia) - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Country Scents - Product/Candles Create Your Life - Health Creative Memories - Scrapbooking Credit Repair USA - Financial Crunchi - Cosmetics Cutco - Knives CVSL - Multiple Companies Daisy Blue Naturals - Personal Care Damsel in Defense - Product/Self Defense Darceys - Candles David Lerner Associates, INC - Financial Dazzle and Daze - Clothing Deutsche vermögensberatung/Dvag (Germany) - Financial Diana (Japan) - Dione Cosmetics - Cosmetics Direct Cellars/DC Nation - Wine Discovery Toys - Educational Toys Divvee/Nui - Dot Dot Smile - Clothing DoTERRA - Health/Oils Du Northing Designs - Clothing Dubli Network - Financial Dudley Beauty - Cosmetics DXN - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Dynamic Essentials - EcoWarehouse - Home Goods Elepreneuer - Elk River Soaps - Personal Care Ella Tina - Clothing Elli Kai - Clothing Elvacity - Nutritional Supplements EmGoldEx/Global Intergold - Enagic/Kangen Water - Ionized Water Endless Xpressions - Clothing/Accessories Enersource Int - Nutritional Supplements Enjo (AUS) - Cleaning Producs Envy Jewelry - Jewelry Epicure (Canada) - Food Equinox International (dissolved in 2001) - Ergo (Germany) - Insurance Essante Organics - Essential Bodywear - Clothing European Grouping of Marketing Professionals/CEDIPAC SA (dissolved 1995) - European Home Retail (dissolved 2007) - Evanescence Network - Health EVER Skincare - Skincare/Health Evolution Travel - Product EvolvHealth - Health Faberlic (Russia) - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Family First Life - Insurance Family Heritage Insurance - Insurance Fantasia - Adult Novelties Fantasia (Canada) - Adult Novelties Farmasi - FES Connect - Financial Fibi & Clo - Footwear Fifth Ave Collection - Jewelry First Fitness Nutrition - Dietary Supplements Fit4Mom - Clothing FITTEAM Global - Dietary Supplements Flamingo Paperie - Art Fleuresse - FM World (UK) - For Tails Only - Pet Supplies Forever Living - Health/Oils Forex Education (iMarkets Live branch) - Crypto Forex Entourage - Financial Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved 2013) - Four Oceans - Health Fragant Jewels - Bathbombs FreeLife - Nutritional Supplements Frontrow - Fuel Freedom Int - Automotive Fund America (Bankrupt 1990) - Gano Excel - Nutritional Supplements GelMoment - Beauty Gemstra - Jewelry Genesis Pure - Nutritional Supplements Global Legacy Initiative - GoDesana - Pet Gold Canyon - Product/Candles Golden Days (China) - Health Grace & Heart - Jewelry Green HoriZen - CBD Greeting Cake Company - Cake Kits H2O At Home - Personal Care Hale - CBD Oil Hanky Panky Parties (Canada) - Adult Novelties Happy Coffee - Coffee Harvard Risk Management (Legal Shield) - Hayward's Gourmet Popcorn - Food HB Naturals - Health He(L)o - Health Healthy Peach - Dietary Supplements Heavenly Chia - Food Heka Corp - Fitness Helo Wristbands - Health HempWorx - Health Herbalife - Health Heritage Makers - Scrapbooking Hinode - Cosmetics Holiday Magic (shut down) - Home Interiors - Home Goods Honey - Beauty Honey & Lace - Clothing Hualin Biotech (China) - Health iCoinPro - Crypto Currency ID Life - Health Igniting Passion (Canada) - Adult Novelties iMarketsLive - Financial Trading Software Immunotec - Health Imperial Candles (UK) - Candles In a Pikle - Bags Income Advantage - India Hicks - Product/Accessories Infinitus - Health Initials, Inc - Bags Inkd Up Nails - Beauty innov8tive nutrition - Nutritional Supplements InteleTravel - Travel Intimo (AUS/NZ) - Adult Novelties Isagenix - Dietary Supplements ItWorks! - Health J. Elizabeth - Clothing J. Hilburn - Clothing J.R Watkins - Jafra - Beauty Jamberry - Beauty Jamby - Clothing Jamie at Home (shut down) - Janice Collection - Home Goods Java Momma - Coffee Javita - Coffee Jbloom - Jewelry Jequiti - Cosmetics Jerky Direct - Jeunesse - Beauty Jewel Kade (31) - Jewelry Jewelscent - Product/Candles JK Apparel (Canada) - Clothing Jordan Essentials - Beauty JoyMain (China) - Health Joyome (Plexus) - Beauty JuicePlus - Nutritional Supplements Jump Natural - Health Kaesar & Blair - Kalaia - Skincare/Health Kalo & Co - Pearl/Jewelry Kangen Water - Kannaway - CBD Oil Karat Bars - Gold Kaszazz - Scrapbooking Keep Collective - Jewelry Keep Me Safe - Cos KETO (Pruvit) - Keto Coffee - Coffee Ketones - Health Kirby - Vacuums Kleeneze - Home Goods Kobold (Vorwerk) - Kyani - Health Labella Baskets - Home Goods Lady Godiva Beauty - Cosmetics Lavylites - Beauty L'BRI - Beauty LeadUp Consulting - Legal Shield - Legal Services LegArt (Canada) - Leggings Legend Age (China) - Legging Army - Clothing Legging Girl - Clothing Lemongrass Spa - Beauty LeReve (Canada) - Cosmetics Le-Vel (Thrive) - Health Lia Sophia (dissolved) - Jewelry Life Abundance - Pet LIFE Leadership - Financial Life Tree World - Food LifeBrook - LifePlus (US/Germany) - Dietary Supplements Life's Abundance - Pet Supplies LifeVantage - Dietary Supplements Lilla Rose - Jewelry Limelife - Skincare/Health Limu - Health Limu - Nutritional Supplements Linen World - Home Goods Lion Crown - Lipsense - Beauty Liv International - Travel Live Sore - Clothing Longabeger Company - Baskets Longrich (China) - Beauty Lorraine Lee Linen - Home Goods Love Winx - Adult Novelties LR Beauty & Health - Beauty LuLaRoe - Clothing Lulu Ave - Jewelry Luminess - Cosmetics Lyconet/Lyoness - Lyoness - Financial M. Global (Jamberry) - Jewelry M. Network - Nutritional Supplements Maelle Beauty - Beauty Magnabilities - Jewelry Magnolia & Vine - Jewelry Makeup Eraser - Cosmetics Man Cave - Kitchen Accessories Mannatech - Dietary Supplements Mark. - Financial Market America - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Marly Ray - Pearl/Jewelry Marvelous Mouse Travels - Travel Mary & Martha - Home Goods MaryKay - Beauty Maskara - Beauty Matilda Jane - Clothing Max & Madeleine - Skincare/Health Maxwell Clothing - Clothing MCA - Financial Medifast - Nutritional Supplements Melaleuca - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Metabolife (dissolved in 2005) - MiA Bath and Body (Closed) - mialisia - Jewelry Miche EU - Accessories Miki (Asia) - Nutritional Supplements MOA Nutrition - Nutritional Supplements Modere - MojiLife - Essential Oils Monat - Hair Care MonaVie (went into foreclosure 2015) - Morinda Bioactives - Personal Care/Dietary Supplements Motives Cosmetics - Cosmetics Multpure - Water My Club 8 - CBD Oil My Daily Choice - Nutritional Supplements My LALA Leggings - Clothing myEcon - Financial National Safety Associates - Dietary Supplements National Wealth Center - Education Natura (Brazil) - Cosmetics Nature Direct (AUS) - Essential Oils Nature's Sunshine Products - Dietary Supplements Neal's Yard Remedies Organic - Beauty NeoLife - Dietary Supplements Neora (Nerium) - Nerium - Skincare/Health NeVetica - Pet Supplies New Era (China) - Nutritional Supplements New U Life - Health Neways - Personal Care Nikken - Noevir - Beauty Nomades - Jewelry Noonday Collection - Jewelry Norwex - Cleaning Producs Nouveau Riche (real estate investment college) (dissolved 2010 - Nspire Network - Feminine Products NuCerity - Skincare/Health NuSkin - Tooth Paste/Personal Care Nutriboom - NXIVM - Financial Nygard - Clothing Omnilife - Dietary Supplements One Hope Wine - Wine Optavia - Health Opulenza - Jewelry Organo Gold - Coffee Oriflame - Personal Care Origami Owl - Jewelry Our Hearts Desire - Jewelry Paid 2 Save - Travel Pampered Chef - Kitchen Accessories Paparazzi - Jewelry Paperly - Paper Park Lane Jewelry - Jewelry Party Girl - Candles Party Lite - Candles Party Time Mixes - Food PartyLite - Candles Passion Parties - Adult Novelties Pawtree - Pet Paycation - Travel Peach - Clothing Pearl Chic - Pearl/Jewelry Peekaboo Beans - Clothing Perfect (China) - Cosmetics Perfectly Polished - Beauty Perfectly Posh - Beauty Personally Poetic - Jewelry PHP - Insurance Pierre Lang - Jewelry Pink Zebra - Candles Piphany - Clothing PixieLane - Clothing Plexus - Health Plumeria Bath - Beauty Plunder - Jewelry PM International - Health Pola (Japan) - Skincare/Health Poofy Organics - Beauty Powur - Solar Panels Premier Designs - Jewelry Premier Financial - Financial PrimeMyBody - Health Primerica - Financial Princess House - Kitchen Accessories ProDoula - ProYoung - Health Pruvit - Health Pulse Cosmetics - Cosmetics Pure Haven - Cosmetics Pure Romance - Product PureHaven - Home Goods PUREly - Essential Oils Purium - Health Qnet - Nutritional Supplements Quanjian Natural (China) - Food RadiantlyYou - Rain International - Health Rainbow Vacuum - Vacuums Real Time Pain Relief - Health Red Aspen - Beauty RED Safety - Security Regal Home and Gifts - Home Goods Reliv - Health Reliv - Nutritional Supplements Renatus Real Estate - Education RevitalU - Coffee/Health Riway - Deer Placenta Robert Kiyosaki - Rodan+Fields - Beauty Roland (Vorwerk) - Rolmex (China) - Kitchen Accessories Royal Tongan Limu (dissolved in 2003) - Royaltie Gens - Marketing Ruby Ribbon - Clothing Saba - Health/Beauty Sabika Jewelry - Jewelry SafeGirl Security - Self Defense Salad Master - Home Goods SARSO (India) - Scentsy - Health/Oils Schneider's Gourmet World - Food Scout & Cellar - Wine Seacret - Beauty SendOutCards - Gift Cards Senegence - Skincare/Health Shakeology (BeachBody) - Dietary Supplements Shaklee - Dietary Supplements Shopping Sherlock - Shrimp & Grits - Clothing Signature Homestyles - Home Goods Silpada - Jewelry Silver Icing - Jewelry Simple Man - Personal Care Simply Success Elite - SimplyFun Games - Education Skinny Body at Home - Dietary Supplements SkinSanity/Tomorrow's Leaf - Skincare/Health Smart Circle - Smartway - Solavei (dissolved 2015)[ - Solvei (bankrupt) - Sophie Paris (France/Asia) - Clothing South Hill Designs - Jewelry Southern Living at Home - Home Goods SouthWestern Advantage - Education Sseko - Clothing Stampin Up - Paper Steam Energy - Utilities Steeped Tea - Tea Stella & Dot - Clothing Stream Energy - Financial Style Dots - Jewelry Success University - Education Sun Hope (China) - Sunrider - Health/Beauty/Home Goods Sunset Gourmet - Food Sunshine Empire (dissolved 2009) - Surge 365 - Travel Sweet Legs - Clothing Sweet Minerals - Beauty Symmetry Financial Group - Insurance Syntek Global - Automotive T.O.P Marketing Group - TAG Team Marketing - Taisei/Green Planet/Kaikisui (Japan_ - Purifiers Tara at Home - Home Goods Tastefully Simple - Food Tavala - Health Tealightful - Tea Team National - Financial TeDivina - Tea Telecom Plus (UK) - Utilities Telexfree (bankrupt 2014) - The Advert Platfrom - Crypto Currency The Body Shop at Home - Beauty The Landmark Forum - Health The Super Affiliate Network - Marketing Thermomix (Vorwerk) - Thirty One - Bags Thrive - Health Thrive Life - Food Tiber River Naturals - Beauty TKO WorldWide - Tocara (Canada) - Jewelry Tom James - Clothing Total Life Changes/TLC - Health TouchStone Crystal - Jewelry Touchstone Essentials - Dietary Supplements Tracy Negoshian - Clothing Trades of Hope - Jewelry Tranont - Financial Transformational Beauty - Cosmetics Travel Evolution - Travel Traveling Vineyard - Wine TraVerus Global - Travel TriVita - Nutritional Supplements Tropic Skin Care - Skincare/Health True Peak Revolution (Europe) - Truvision Health - Health TS-Life - Nutritional Supplements Tupperware - Tupperware Unicity - Health United Sciences of America (dissolved in 1987) - United Warehouse (UK) - US Health Advisors - Usana - Nutritional Supplements Usborne - Books Utility Warehouse (UK) - Utilities Valentus - Dietary Supplements Vantel - Product/Pearls Vasayo - Health VectoCutco - Knives Vemma - Dietary Supplements viaOneHope - Wine ViBella - Jewelry VIC Cosmetics - Vida Divina - Tea Vie at Home (closed) - Virtuity Financial Group (World Financial Group) - ViSalus (Body by VI) - Dietary Supplements Vitality Extracts - Essential Oils VivaMK - Cleaning Producs Volo - Health Vorwerk - Home Goods Votre Belle Maison (UK) - Giftware Voxxlife - Health Wakaya Perfection - Health WakeUpNow (dissolved 2015) - Watkins Inc - Health/Home Goods Wealthperx - Travel Wikaniko - Home Goods Wildtree - Food Willing Beauty - Beauty Winasun - Health Wine Shop at Home - Wine Wines for Humanity - Wine Wink Naturals - Health World Financial Group/Pinnacle Leadership Development - Financial World Leadership Group (dissolved in 2008) - World Ventures/Wealth Wave/TKO WorldWide - Travel WoTaBu - Travel XanGo/Ziji - Health Xerveo - Dietary Supplements Xoom Energy - Utilities Xooma - Weight Loss Xstream Travel - Travel Xyngular - Health Yanbal Int - Jewelry Yandi (China) - Nutritional Supplements Yelloow - Beauty Yevo (closed) - Yofoto (China) - Health Yoli - Health Yoonla - YOR Health - Weight Loss Young Living - Health Youngevity - Younique - Beauty YTB International - Travel Zepter - Zija - Health Zilis - Health Zinzino (Scandanavia) - Zrii - Skincare/Health Zurvita - Health Zyia - Clothing Zyn - Travel TOTAL COUNT = 594 This list will be continually updated (5/19/2020). 2018 Archived MLM Mega Thread Sources: https://mlmtruth.org/2018/02/08/the-mlm-master-list/ , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multi-level_marketing_companies Special thanks to u/Copacetic1515 (I could not stick your thread) For income disclosure information: Updated 2019 Thread Other Helpful Links: Discussion about World Financial Group
No, the British did not steal $45 trillion from India
This is an updated copy of the version on BadHistory. I plan to update it in accordance with the feedback I got. I'd like to thank two people who will remain anonymous for helping me greatly with this post (you know who you are) Three years ago a festschrift for Binay Bhushan Chaudhuri was published by Shubhra Chakrabarti, a history teacher at the University of Delhi and Utsa Patnaik, a Marxist economist who taught at JNU until 2010. One of the essays in the festschirt by Utsa Patnaik was an attempt to quantify the "drain" undergone by India during British Rule. Her conclusion? Britain robbed India of $45 trillion (or £9.2 trillion) during their 200 or so years of rule. This figure was immensely popular, and got republished in several major news outlets (here, here, here, here (they get the number wrong) and more recently here), got a mention from the Minister of External Affairs & returns 29,100 results on Google. There's also plenty of references to it here on Reddit. Patnaik is not the first to calculate such a figure. Angus Maddison thought it was £100 million, Simon Digby said £1 billion, Javier Estaban said £40 million see Roy (2019). The huge range of figures should set off some alarm bells. So how did Patnaik calculate this (shockingly large) figure? Well, even though I don't have access to the festschrift, she conveniently has written an article detailing her methodology here. Let's have a look.
How exactly did the British manage to diddle us and drain our wealth’ ? was the question that Basudev Chatterjee (later editor of a volume in the Towards Freedom project) had posed to me 50 years ago when we were fellow-students abroad.
This is begging the question.
After decades of research I find that using India’s commodity export surplus as the measure and applying an interest rate of 5%, the total drain from 1765 to 1938, compounded up to 2016, comes to £9.2 trillion; since $4.86 exchanged for £1 those days, this sum equals about $45 trillion.
This is completely meaningless. To understand why it's meaningless consider India's annual coconut exports. These are almost certainly a surplus but the surplus in trade is countered by the other country buying the product (indeed, by definition, trade surpluses contribute to the GDP of a nation which hardly plays into intuitive conceptualisations of drain). Furthermore, Dewey (2019) critiques the 5% interest rate.
She [Patnaik] consistently adopts statistical assumptions (such as compound interest at a rate of 5% per annum over centuries) that exaggerate the magnitude of the drain
Moving on:
The exact mechanism of drain, or transfers from India to Britain was quite simple.
Convenient.
Drain theory possessed the political merit of being easily grasped by a nation of peasants. [...] No other idea could arouse people than the thought that they were being taxed so that others in far off lands might live in comfort. [...] It was, therefore, inevitable that the drain theory became the main staple of nationalist political agitation during the Gandhian era.
The key factor was Britain’s control over our taxation revenues combined with control over India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its booming commodity export surplus with the world. Simply put, Britain used locally raised rupee tax revenues to pay for its net import of goods, a highly abnormal use of budgetary funds not seen in any sovereign country.
The issue with figures like these is they all make certain methodological assumptions that are impossible to prove. From Roy in Frankema et al. (2019):
the "drain theory" of Indian poverty cannot be tested with evidence, for several reasons. First, it rests on the counterfactual that any money saved on account of factor payments abroad would translate into domestic investment, which can never be proved. Second, it rests on "the primitive notion that all payments to foreigners are "drain"", that is, on the assumption that these payments did not contribute to domestic national income to the equivalent extent (Kumar 1985, 384; see also Chaudhuri 1968). Again, this cannot be tested. [...] Fourth, while British officers serving India did receive salaries that were many times that of the average income in India, a paper using cross-country data shows that colonies with better paid officers were governed better (Jones 2013).
Indeed, drain theory rests on some very weak foundations. This, in of itself, should be enough to dismiss any of the other figures that get thrown out. Nonetheless, I felt it would be a useful exercise to continue exploring Patnaik's take on drain theory.
The East India Company from 1765 onwards allocated every year up to one-third of Indian budgetary revenues net of collection costs, to buy a large volume of goods for direct import into Britain, far in excess of that country’s own needs.
So what's going on here? Well Roy (2019) explains it better:
Colonial India ran an export surplus, which, together with foreign investment, was used to pay for services purchased from Britain. These payments included interest on public debt, salaries, and pensions paid to government offcers who had come from Britain, salaries of managers and engineers, guaranteed profts paid to railway companies, and repatriated business profts. How do we know that any of these payments involved paying too much? The answer is we do not.
So what was really happening is the government was paying its workers for services (as well as guaranteeing profits - to promote investment - something the GoI does today Dalal (2019), and promoting business in India), and those workers were remitting some of that money to Britain. This is hardly a drain (unless, of course, Indian diaspora around the world today are "draining" it). In some cases, the remittances would take the form of goods (as described) see Chaudhuri (1983):
It is obvious that these debit items were financed through the export surplus on merchandise account, and later, when railway construction started on a large scale in India, through capital import. Until 1833 the East India Company followed a cumbersome method in remitting the annual home charges. This was to purchase export commodities in India out of revenue, which were then shipped to London and the proceeds from their sale handed over to the home treasury.
While Roy's earlier point argues better paid officers governed better, it is honestly impossible to say what part of the repatriated export surplus was a drain, and what was not. However calling all of it a drain is definitely misguided. It's worth noting that Patnaik seems to make no attempt to quantify the benefits of the Raj either, Dewey (2019)'s 2nd criticism:
she [Patnaik] consistently ignores research that would tend to cut the economic impact of the drain down to size, such as the work on the sources of investment during the industrial revolution (which shows that industrialisation was financed by the ploughed-back profits of industrialists) or the costs of empire school (which stresses the high price of imperial defence)
Since tropical goods were highly prized in other cold temperate countries which could never produce them, in effect these free goods represented international purchasing power for Britain which kept a part for its own use and re-exported the balance to other countries in Europe and North America against import of food grains, iron and other goods in which it was deficient.
Re-exports necessarily adds value to goods when the goods are processed and when the goods are transported. The country with the largest navy at the time would presumably be in very good stead to do the latter.
The British historians Phyllis Deane and WA Cole presented an incorrect estimate of Britain’s 18th-19th century trade volume, by leaving out re-exports completely. I found that by 1800 Britain’s total trade was 62% higher than their estimate, on applying the correct definition of trade including re-exports, that is used by the United Nations and by all other international organisations.
While interesting, and certainly expected for such an old book, re-exporting necessarily adds value to goods.
When the Crown took over from the Company, from 1861 a clever system was developed under which all of India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its fast-rising commodity export surplus with the world, was intercepted and appropriated by Britain. As before up to a third of India’s rising budgetary revenues was not spent domestically but was set aside as ‘expenditure abroad’.
So, what does this mean? Britain appropriated all of India's earnings, and then spent a third of it aboard? Not exactly. She is describing home charges see Roy (2019) again:
Some of the expenditures on defense and administration were made in sterling and went out of the country. This payment by the government was known as the Home Charges. For example, interest payment on loans raised to finance construction of railways and irrigation works, pensions paid to retired officers, and purchase of stores, were payments in sterling. [...] almost all money that the government paid abroad corresponded to the purchase of a service from abroad. [...] The balance of payments system that emerged after 1800 was based on standard business principles.India bought something and paid for it.State revenues were used to pay for wages of people hired abroad, pay for interest on loans raised abroad, and repatriation of profits on foreign investments coming into India. These were legitimate market transactions.
Indeed, if paying for what you buy is drain, then several billions of us are drained every day.
The Secretary of State for India in Council, based in London, invited foreign importers to deposit with him the payment (in gold, sterling and their own currencies) for their net imports from India, and these gold and forex payments disappeared into the yawning maw of the SoS’s account in the Bank of England.
It should be noted that India having two heads was beneficial, and encouraged investment per Roy (2019):
The fact that the India Office in London managed a part of the monetary system made India creditworthy, stabilized its currency, and encouraged foreign savers to put money into railways and private enterprise in India. Current research on the history of public debt shows that stable and large colonies found it easier to borrow abroad than independent economies because the investors trusted the guarantee of the colonist powers.
Against India’s net foreign earnings he issued bills, termed Council bills (CBs), to an equivalent rupee value. The rate (between gold-linked sterling and silver rupee) at which the bills were issued, was carefully adjusted to the last farthing, so that foreigners would never find it more profitable to ship financial gold as payment directly to Indians, compared to using the CB route. Foreign importers then sent the CBs by post or by telegraph to the export houses in India, that via the exchange banks were paid out of the budgeted provision of sums under ‘expenditure abroad’, and the exporters in turn paid the producers (peasants and artisans) from whom they sourced the goods.
Sunderland (2013) argues CBs had two main roles (and neither were part of a grand plot to keep gold out of India):
Council bills had two roles. They firstly promoted trade by handing the IO some control of the rate of exchange and allowing the exchange banks to remit funds to India and to hedge currency transaction risks. They also enabled the Indian government to transfer cash to England for the payment of its UK commitments.
The United Nations (1962) historical data for 1900 to 1960, show that for three decades up to 1928 (and very likely earlier too) India posted the second highest merchandise export surplus in the world, with USA in the first position. Not only were Indians deprived of every bit of the enormous international purchasing power they had earned over 175 years, even its rupee equivalent was not issued to them since not even the colonial government was credited with any part of India’s net gold and forex earnings against which it could issue rupees. The sleight-of-hand employed, namely ‘paying’ producers out of their own taxes, made India’s export surplus unrequited and constituted a tax-financed drain to the metropolis, as had been correctly pointed out by those highly insightful classical writers, Dadabhai Naoroji and RCDutt.
It doesn't appear that others appreciate their insight Roy (2019):
K. N. Chaudhuri rightly calls such practice ‘confused’ economics ‘coloured by political feelings’.
Surplus budgets to effect such heavy tax-financed transfers had a severe employment–reducing and income-deflating effect: mass consumption was squeezed in order to release export goods. Per capita annual foodgrains absorption in British India declined from 210 kg. during the period 1904-09, to 157 kg. during 1937-41, and to only 137 kg by 1946.
Dewey (1978) points out reliability issues with Indian agriculutural statistics, however this calorie decline persists to this day. Some of it is attributed to less food being consumed at home Smith (2015), a lower infectious disease burden Duh & Spears (2016) and diversified diets Vankatesh et al. (2016).
If even a part of its enormous foreign earnings had been credited to it and not entirely siphoned off, India could have imported modern technology to build up an industrial structure as Japan was doing.
This is, unfortunately, impossible to prove. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication that India would've united (this is arguably more plausible than the given counterfactual1). Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been nuked in WW2, much like Japan. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been invaded by lizard people, much like Japan. The list continues eternally. Nevertheless, I will charitably examine the given counterfactual anyway. Did pre-colonial India have industrial potential? The answer is a resounding no. From Gupta (1980):
This article starts from the premise that while economic categories - the extent of commodity production, wage labour, monetarisation of the economy, etc - should be the basis for any analysis of the production relations of pre-British India, it is the nature of class struggles arising out of particular class alignments that finally gives the decisive twist to social change. Arguing on this premise, and analysing the available evidence, this article concludes that there was little potential for industrial revolution before the British arrived in India because, whatever might have been the character of economic categories of that period,the class relations had not sufficiently matured to develop productive forces and the required class struggle for a 'revolution' to take place.
Yet all of this did not amount to an economic situation comparable to that of western Europe on the eve of the industrial revolution. Her technology - in agriculture as well as manufacturers - had by and large been stagnant for centuries. [...] The weakness of the Indian economy in the mid-eighteenth century, as compared to pre-industrial Europe was not simply a matter of technology and commercial and industrial organization. No scientific or geographical revolution formed part of the eighteenth-century Indian's historical experience. [...] Spontaneous movement towards industrialisation is unlikely in such a situation.
So now we've established India did not have industrial potential, was India similar to Japan just before the Meiji era? The answer, yet again, unsurprisingly, is no. Japan's economic situation was not comparable to India's, which allowed for Japan to finance its revolution. From Yasuba (1986):
All in all, the Japanese standard of living may not have been much below the English standard of living before industrialization, and both of them may have been considerably higher than the Indian standard of living. We can no longer say that Japan started from a pathetically low economic level and achieved a rapid or even "miraculous" economic growth. Japan's per capita income was almost as high as in Western Europe before industrialization, and it was possible for Japan to produce surplus in the Meiji Period to finance private and public capital formation.
The circumstances that led to Meiji Japan were extremely unique. See Tomlinson (1985):
Most modern comparisons between India and Japan, written by either Indianists or Japanese specialists, stress instead that industrial growth in Meiji Japan was the product of unique features that were not reproducible elsewhere. [...] it is undoubtably true that Japan's progress to industrialization has been unique and unrepeatable
So there you have it. Unsubstantiated statistical assumptions, calling any number you can a drain & assuming a counterfactual for no good reason gets you this $45 trillion number. Hopefully that's enough to bury it in the ground. 1. Several authors have affirmed that Indian identity is a colonial artefact. For example seeRajan 1969:
Perhaps the single greatest and most enduring impact of British rule over India is that it created an Indian nation, in the modern political sense. After centuries of rule by different dynasties overparts of the Indian sub-continent, and after about 100 years of British rule, Indians ceased to be merely Bengalis, Maharashtrians,or Tamils, linguistically and culturally.
But then, it would be anachronistic to condemn eighteenth-century Indians, who served the British, as collaborators, when the notion of 'democratic' nationalism or of an Indian 'nation' did not then exist.[...]Indians who fought for them, differed from the Europeans in having a primary attachment to a non-belligerent religion, family and local chief, which was stronger than any identity they might have with a more remote prince or 'nation'.
Bibliography
Chakrabarti, Shubra & Patnaik, Utsa (2018). Agrarian and other histories: Essays for Binay Bhushan Chaudhuri. Colombia University Press Hickel, Jason (2018). How the British stole $45 trillion from India. The Guardian Bhuyan, Aroonim & Sharma, Krishan (2019). The Great Loot: How the British stole $45 trillion from India. Indiapost Monbiot, George (2020). English Landowners have stolen our rights. It is time to reclaim them. The Guardian Tsjeng, Zing (2020). How Britain Stole $45 trillion from India with trains | Empires of Dirt. Vice Chaudhury, Dipanjan (2019). British looted $45 trillion from India in today’s value: Jaishankar. The Economic Times Roy, Tirthankar (2019). How British rule changed India's economy: The Paradox of the Raj. Palgrave Macmillan Patnaik, Utsa (2018). How the British impoverished India. Hindustan Times Tuovila, Alicia (2019). Expenditure method. Investopedia Dewey, Clive (2019). Changing the guard: The dissolution of the nationalist–Marxist orthodoxy in the agrarian and agricultural history of India. The Indian Economic & Social History Review Chandra, Bipan et al. (1989). India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947. Penguin Books Frankema, Ewout & Booth, Anne (2019). Fiscal Capacity and the Colonial State in Asia and Africa, c. 1850-1960. Cambridge University Press Dalal, Sucheta (2019). IL&FS Controversy: Centre is Paying Up on Sovereign Guarantees to ADB, KfW for Group's Loan. TheWire Chaudhuri, K.N. (1983). X - Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments (1757–1947). Cambridge University Press Sunderland, David (2013). Financing the Raj: The City of London and Colonial India, 1858-1940. Boydell Press Dewey, Clive (1978). Patwari and Chaukidar: Subordinate officials and the reliability of India’s agricultural statistics. Athlone Press Smith, Lisa (2015). The great Indian calorie debate: Explaining rising undernourishment during India’s rapid economic growth. Food Policy Duh, Josephine & Spears, Dean (2016). Health and Hunger: Disease, Energy Needs, and the Indian Calorie Consumption Puzzle. The Economic Journal Vankatesh, P. et al. (2016). Relationship between Food Production and Consumption Diversity in India – Empirical Evidences from Cross Section Analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review Gupta, Shaibal (1980). Potential of Industrial Revolution in Pre-British India. Economic and Political Weekly Raychaudhuri, Tapan (1983). I - The mid-eighteenth-century background. Cambridge University Press Yasuba, Yasukichi (1986). Standard of Living in Japan Before Industrialization: From what Level did Japan Begin? A Comment. The Journal of Economic History Tomblinson, B.R. (1985). Writing History Sideways: Lessons for Indian Economic Historians from Meiji Japan. Cambridge University Press Rajan, M.S. (1969). The Impact of British Rule in India. Journal of Contemporary History Bryant, G.J. (2000). Indigenous Mercenaries in the Service of European Imperialists: The Case of the Sepoys in the Early British Indian Army, 1750-1800. War in History
KFC6855/环球潮鞋: The Secrets of Replica Sneaker Selling
Following a post from u/donjonne about a HUGE Weibo story on how to actually start your own 1:1 repsneaker empire, I figured as a native Mandarin speaker I gave it a shot and translated the entire article, since I myself am pretty damn intrigued what the guy's speaking.Do note this article is written in March 2017, lots of stuff may have been outdated, and I translated word-for-word with some pruned paragraphs that seems like the fella repeating himself. I absolutely hate the weird flowery prose Mandarin always carry when I work on translations, so apologies if the in-jokes or general writing gets a bit dry. This is my personal tl;dr without the author's boastful claims, so if you're short on time, here's the quick rundown.
How do replica sneakers get sold?
Taobao: Long history with the reputation for being the single biggest online BST hub, with Tmall and Xianyu Second-hands integrated. Lots of fake reviews and seller reputation ratings. The rep game there got outta hand, CEO of Alibaba stepped in and cleaned house, thus everyone moved to... WeChat: Lots more convoluted, no proper tracking and confirmation like a real shopping app and build quality can vary greatly between sneaker models from the same seller. But through word-of-mouth, standout resellers get recommended more organically, of course you need connections to start with. Agents: Your best friend if you're overseas, usually ran by freelancers merely collecting orders, reporting back to resellers and have them directly ship your kicks to your doorstep. Agents can be a single person, or a huge operation i.e. Wegobuy and Ytaopal.
How's the quality tho?
Depends. Some will try to bait-and-switch, some will bond genuine friendships for simply being a return customer. Factories often cut corners to save some dough and end up with a worse rep, so like the purpose of this sub, dig into forums and guide yourself to trustworthy sellers. Author also goes on a tangent and revealed the numbers and figures of selling reps, along with the sheer gold rush he's in now. Read below for more info.
Anything of note?
We're getting ripped off. Real hard, if you're a Mainlander chances are you're being sold 1/3 of the prices we see here. Part of the reason is that the multi-level reselling jacks up the price a lot, so unless you're buying in bulk for the purpose of selling them, good luck finding GET-passable OW AJ1's for less than $70. If you get caught selling, it's fines upwards of ¥50,000 and your license revoked, but nothing too serious beyond that. Author promised more novel shoes get made in the future, like Uggs and non-hypebeast dress shoes or sumthin. With that outta the way, here's the translation for the whole article, hope you'll learn something for it and if there's any mistakes, feel free to point it out in DMs or just in the comments. EDIT 17/05/2020: punctuation mistakes and missing formatting, also thanks for the kind words repfam _______________
GOD'S HAND: The Secrets of Replica Sneaker Selling
Having been in the rep game for around 4 to 5 years, it all started out of sheer curiosity. I spent ¥1099 for Air Force 1's some celebrity wore, only to had my buddy show up on me with a fake pair of the same sneaker only costs ¥300. Not everyone is some rich parents' spoiled brat where a pair of shoes costing a couple grand is considered pocket change, yet everyone has that sense of envy, the need to follow the hype to really stand out from the crowd, so do I honestly. But then again you'd only wear that pair of grails for only a good couple months and it'll be out of the wave, why not I find myself a more wallet-friendly way to do so? Ever since dipping my toe into the replica community, I'm making connections, meeting new friends and getting scammed in every step I make, keeping contacts of my favorite sellers (looking back yeah they're not the best and cheapest isn't it huh). I'm deep in the rabbit hole now, buying so many pairs I'm starting to be able to tell batches at a glance, and where to hunt down that very best batch at the cheapest price. At this point it's natural that I'm thinking of selling these reps and becoming a middleman with the best of the batches under one roof (which is what's following below). Anyone who has dealt with middlemen know that actually tracking down the direct factory outlets are nigh impossible, and the multiple stages of middlemen-ception where bigger but more discreet resellers selling to more minor, smaller middlemen can only make one dream of the sheer profit you can make for being on the very top of the pyramid, that idea has only been a mere blip in my mind. There was once in a bar my fam hollered at me with "Yo you remember that John Doe went to Putian for two years? Dude gave up college and has been filthy stinkin' rich by now!" I was like bah it'll never work out for me, but with the summer break I'd worth giving it a shot and have John Doe on the line. And boy howdy, ain't he wildin' right now with his business. Some say every Nike you see there's 1/3 chance it's straight outta Putian, some say Nike's LC works by handling a pair of dumb shoes to an uninformed factory worker and have him say "fuck kinda shoes are these, looks cool I guess so it's legit?" The only way is to really tear down the whole sneaker and see the markings in UV, and once we're on the point where we can fake inside tags and its barcodes, ask yourself can call out fakes on feet? A promotion for \"discount\" NB's on Weibo Ever seen promos like these? It's what I saw on Weibo today, and you've seen one like it yourself did you? They all look good on the images and you'd be right that they're photos of the real deal, just that of course the shoes you actually get were reps, and for each pair profits are never above ¥100; I sell ya an NB for ¥165, I'd only make ¥50.
REPLICA SNEAKERS: HOW DO THEY GET SOLD?
TAOBAO Taobao has always been the single biggest hub for BST. Run by the faceless middlemen, sold by the page visits, and reviewed by the bots. And stores with inflated trust scores were used as a front, once costing hundreds of yuan to buy now go for the tens of thousands. As Taobao is taking action to curb counterfeits to make way for legitimate resellers, these fronts are getting more expensive by the day, since then people took it to WeChat later on. Ask anyone who ran a Taobao store, and they'd tell you "you'll never make a cent unless you're selling fakes". A pair of (fake) shoes take some ¥100 to make, and can be sold as a legit like the thousands of yuan you see on their listings, you'd get away with dozens of fakes sold this way, where you can properly guage and adjust said price to match your profit margins. Once the rep game got popular and the snowball kept rolling, the problem got too big for Ma Yun to not ignore it and he went full banhammer on every rep seller. With every media outlet roasting Taobao's ass, everyone wises up to the knowledge that almost every sneaker you see could be fakes. The stigma lived on, and no one would touch any store where its place of origin writes "Putian". When life gives you lemons, you make a whole damn lemonade stand and just circumvent the whole damn thing by appearing that you're not from Putian. Problem solved. As you check your shipping details, it always seems to travel from Shangai, Shenzen, Quanzhou or even goddamn Xiamen of all places, even overseas. Proxy services are very popular due to China's stringent laws When sneakers are labeled as being shipped from Hong Kong, of course the sellers gonna say "it's from Hong Kong" but in fact it's shipping from Shenzhen, and the seller's excuse is that the sneakers are going through HK's borders from Shenzen then to the buyer's location. Even if you bought fakes in Tmall however, it won't be as bad as the ones sold as legit retails in Taobao. There's just too many of these rip-offs anyway! Had a reseller came to me to buy 10 pairs of sneakers, I make ¥10 each pair, but he sold it as retails and went on to make ¥500 each. Of course I'd panicked a jacked a prices a bit so I could have my own slice of extra profit to ¥20 each pair, said the factories jacked the prices themselves as an excuse. Hoe's mad I guess WECHAT While profit margins are no higher than Taobao, they still range around a dozen yuan on bulk. For all the actual friends I have in WeChat, I'd never believe them not having owned a replica sneaker in their whole life, blah blah blah "factory direct", "wholesale prices" my ass, who really can head to the factories and buy direct these days? Rep resellers buying bulk from those factories are truly the "direct from factory" purchases. Resellers then selling the reps to middlemen and agents, that's another step. Said middlemen then resell these reps to quote-on-quote "middlemen". (NB: may have been the very resellers we see on the sub) And it goes on and on and then, to you, the customer.The so-called A-grade reps you see on WC, let's say we buy it from the factory at ¥200 (for example, the real deal won't be this cheap) and sell to the end-user for ¥400~¥500, it does in fact look decent. Heck, retails may get "called out" in forums and reps may sneak under the radar. Chat and forum opinions aren't good indicatiors for a rep's actual quality. Thus you may wonder why buy retails at this point? No one would really hit the New Balance outlets at their local Wanda mall and ask the teeny-bop promoter lady if their kicks are legit anyway, so wouldn't this been the dream job you've wanted, right? SMALL-TIME AGENTS These sort of agents are mostly handling orders from overseas to cater the westerners, mainly Russian, SE-Asian, North/South American countries etc., and will never be some solo project as they always come in groups of a few dozen staff members. These agent groups can also hire decently well-spoken college students to help converse customers in English and pay them good pocket change, which is eerily similar to how Forex scams work before, but this time they're doing legit businesses for a change. Sort of. FREELANCE AGENTS The most common agent you may come across can be your close friends, they get instant payouts for attracting their local classmates to collect orders for reps, and this wannabe hustler reports them back to the resellers to ship to school dorms directly.
REPLICA BUILD AND QUALITY
Replicas reach far, far and wide. You could see your neighborhood cleaner aunt wearing 990v4s, motorbike taxi riders wearing Duck Camo AM90's, your kind old uncle next door exercising in Flyknit Racers and so on. NB, Nike, Converse, Ascis, Kappa; any brand you wanted they got it. ¥100 to ¥500 is what the factories charge, but after it hits resellers with a ¥200 hike, the illusion what seems to be a shoe that'll last breaks down as it wears out after a few wears. Bad stitching? Poorly-tumbled faux-leather? Off-moulded shape? I'd believe you but you sure you can tell if the EVA is fake by just looking on it? Is the gluing pattern underneath it visible even? A good deal of local boutiques sell ¥120 replicas at official retail prices like ¥599, a good ¥400 profit. Putian factories are split into "heavy" and "light" industries. The heavy industries builds the sneaker as a whole from scratch, while the light industries were like CKD vehicles, where parts are purchased and assembled together instead. and quality of each part of the sneaker depends among factories. Lots of them try to cut corners to save every extra cent, which explains the decreasing quality of recent sneakers you see now. Larger factories has always been delivering consistently decent sneakers, as customers who contacted them are much picker and won't slash prices along with quality out of the blue. The stitching (and Nike Air units/Boost soles even!) is close enough to pass off as retails. Some of the more badass factories can make a batch of 100 brand new replicas for you, just hand in a donor retail pair and they'll get to work.The old dogs in Putian has been around for ages, runs most of the resellers you know and love. They buy reps from the factory direct at ¥140, sell to resellers at ¥160 and have the resellers push ¥180, at these prices the shoes are just not enough to satisfy demand. I've gave it an estimate if the factory got his order to 30 dozen pairs of reps, with each pair a ¥20 profit, we're looking at ¥7,000 a day or ¥20,000 a month in gross profit. Of course, the Sales and Commerce Assoc. will still take a heavy hand on counterfeit sneakers till today, basically a few sellers every month get caught in the counterfeit business. The offenders walk into the office, sit down, had "the talk" yet again and pay a good ¥30k~¥50k fine and had their licenses taken away, for just awhile. Factories themselves get raided very seldom, maybe a every 6 months only a single factory gets caught per year. Putian has become the leading worldwide repsneaker operation for the entire world, and outputs around 50% the actual worldwide sneaker market, an estimated ¥20bn yearly. The Nikes and Adidases you wear now has an "OEM" for that. You may have bought a brand sneaker [in China], but it may very well be a fake regardless, to be fair the quality itself is indistinguishable anyway.
REPSNEAKER GRADES
1) The Standard Putian's cheapest offering, pretty much trash tier and a certain Taobao sells them the most often :^) 2) The GET Batch A huge improvement from the Standards, and the so-called 1:1 batch from the mouths of others. It's really not, some of the materials itself is not as fine or accurate as the real deal. Tmall often sells these batches, but often get sold as retails. 3) The 1:1 The absolute tip of the high-end replicas. Take it to HuPu.com and only the eagle-eyed few would call you out. Not everyone can get their hands on them, regardless of price. [eg: similar situation to UABat's Union AJ1's] 4) The Retail Nuff said, just retails. (But really, reps cost just 1/5 of the retail price, why bother lol?) A snapshot of KFC6855's wares
HOW TO TELL FAKES
[The author essentially details how to LC NB998's, so this is best skipped as it adds nothing to the article other than repeating the author's point over and over.]
THE REPSNEAKER FUTURE
If you ever think replica sneakers will only remain within the hypebeast sporty trainer radar, oh you'd be surprised. The replica factories are on full steam, churning out Dr. Martens, UGGS, Tod's and a lot more to come. If you're interested, my WeChat: KFC6855 has them on sale right now, guaranteed to keep ya comfy this winter. With all that said, I hope you learnt something from this, and now that you know if you really wanted a retail pair to sleep well at night, just don't get 'em in online stores. There's no glitz and glamor selling counterfeit sneakers, it's just business after all. If you know, you know.
Recently my friend has gotten into forex trading, I wasn’t exactly sure how but I heard that he got into it from another person who he trades with after they posted on Instagram. Lately, he’s been posting his trades on his Instagram stories and had a poll asking who else is interested in trading. I believe he’s apart of a trading group? Called Generational Wealth Empire on Instagram, the account has no posts and they only post on their story of their members making money with trades. Please leave some advice or comments, I’m concerned especially because my friends only in high school!! UPDATE: I just talked to him about it, specifically about the recruiting aspect and he mentions IM ACADEMY, yep it’s a scam
BIG OFFERT 331 COURSES FOR ONLY $125 OF MARKETING, CONSULTING, ECOMMERCE, SALES, COPYWRITEN FACEBOOK ADS AND OTHER FOR ONLY $125 ---- [email protected] ----
TAKE ADVENTAGE THIS BIG OFFERT OF 331 COURSES FOR ONLY $125 WRITE ME [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) CHECK THE LIST OF 331 COURSES
INSTAGRAM courses
1.Jeremy McGilvery - InstaPro Academy. 2.Ben Oberg – Instagram Mastery 3.0. 3.Nick Malak – Own The Gram-Your Blueprint To Dominating Instagram 4.Gunnar Gronowski – Build a Drop Shipping Store using Instagram Chat-bots 5.Christien Bouc – Grow On Instagram 6.Millionaire Mafia – Instagram Mastery 2.0 (2019) 7.Instagram Mastery and Monetization – Josue Pena 8.Nathan Chan – Instagram Domination 4.0
YOUTUBE courses
9.Jon Penberthy – Tube Ads Academy 2019 10.Dave Kaminski – YouTube Video Ads For Regular People 11.Dan Henry – YouTube Ads for Courses 12.JAMIE TECH – YOUTUBE COURSE 13.Tom Breeze – YouTube Ad Workshop 14.Jordan Mackey – Youtube Advanced Masterclass 15.Graham Stephan – The YouTube Creator Academy 16.Kody – Youtube Mastery Class 17.Jordan Mackey – Make Money On Youtube Made Easy 2019 18.David Vlas – Youtube Compilation Machine 19.Matt Par – Make Money On YouTube without Making Videos 20.Hooman Nouri – YouTube Mastery [Download] 21.Brko Banks – Youtube Mastery [Download] 22.David Vlas – Youtube Revenue Machine [Download] 23.Brko Banks Course – How To Make Money On Youtube [Download] 24.Jordan Mackey – Youtube Advanced Masterclass 2019 – Over $50k Per Month From Youtube 25.Sean Cannell – 10X Your Brand With YouTube 26.Paul Murphy – Affiliate YouTube Success 27.BECOME A SUCCESSFUL PRODUCT REVIEWER ON YOUTUBE 28.YouTube Marketing Become a Digital TV Star in Your Niche 29.Bulletproof Youtube Ads by Adskills
TIK TOK courses
30.Rachel – The TikTok Academy
TWITTER courses
31.Jose Rosado – Twitter Money Mastery 32.Twitter SEO Academy – Bradley Benner
FACEBOOK courses
33.Cat Howell – Facebook Ads That Convert 3.0 34.Patrick wind – Facebook Ads Accelerator 35.Joanna Wiebe – 10x Facebook Ads 36.Anissa Holmes – Facebook Bootcamp 37.Andra Vahl – Facebook Advertising Secrets 38.Rachel Miller – Moolah’s Grow Your Audience Course (Facebook Page Strategies) 39.Chris Winters – F.A.M. Facebook Agency Machine 40.Kallzu – Facebook Agency Machine 41.Joanna Wiebe – 10x Facebook Ads 42.Ben Adkins – Facebook Ads Backpack Guide Advanced 2019 43.Wholesale Hackers – Facebook Ads for Real Estate 44.Keith Krance – Facebook Ads University Elite 2019 45.Brian Pfeiffer & Ross Minchev – FaceBook Diet Made EZ Video Course 46.iStack Training – Facebook & Ecom Mastery event Barcelona Replay 2019 47.Istack Training – Facebook & Ecom Mastery event Las Vegas Replay 2019 [Download] 48.Manuel Suarez & Ben Cummings – Facebook Masters Course 49.Peter Parks – Social Ads For FB Marketing 50.Chris Winters – F.A.M. Facebook Agency Machine 51.Freedom Junkies – Crushing Facebook Ads 52.FB Ads Machine 2.0 – Dan DaSilva, Mike Dolev
FILMMAKE/VIDEO courses
53.Parker Walbeck – Full Time Filmmaker 54.Parker Walbeck – Course Creator Pro $ (only on request) 55.Werner Herzog – Teaches Filmmaking 56.Eric Thayne – Six Figure Filmmaker 57.Hollywood Camera Work – The Master Course 58.Bimber – Viral Magazine, Video, News WordPress Theme (DOWNLOAD) 59.Christopher Perilli – The Video Authority 60.Max Rylski – Video Graphics Bonanza V2 61.Video Motion Pro | The New Way to Create Highly Profitable Videos and Info Products Quickly and Easily 62.Ryan Deiss – Script a High Converting Video Sales Letter 63.First Page Videos – Brian Dean 64.Video Series AWE18 Replay 65.Zamurai Video Immersion 66.Ben Adkins – Clients From Video 67.Video Breakthrough Academy – Clark Kegley 68.Perfect Pitch Videos 69.How to Create Video Tutorials and Perform on Camera 70.Video Ads Traffic 71.10X Your Conversion With a Video Landing Page
DROPSHIPPING courses
72.Scott Hilse – Simplified Dropshipping 3.0 73.SIMPLIFIED SHOPIFY DROPSHIPPING – SCOTT HILSE 74.ANTON KRALY – DROPSHIP LIFESTYLE 6.0 75.ANTON KRALY – DROPSHIP LIFESTYLE 5.0 76.Anton Kraly - Dropship Lifestyle 77.Biaheza's Full Dropshipping Course(for download) 78.Andrei Kreicbergs – eBay Dropshipping Coaching 2.0 79.Adam Thomas – Dropshipping Accelerator 2018 80.Hayden Bowles – Hacking Shopify Dropshipping 81.Paul Joseph – Dropshipping Titans 82.Kevin David – Shopify Dropshipping Ninja MasterClass 83.Online Auction Flipping (eBay dropshipping guide) 84.Dropshipping with Aliexpress Build and Launch your Store 85.Dream Dropshipping – Online Empire Academy(for download) 86.Advanced Dropshipping Class Till Boadella 87.Online Empire Academy – Dream Dropshipping – Value $997
EBAY and AMAZON courses
88.Beau Crabill – Full eBay Course 89.Roger & Barry – eBay Underground Sales 90.Online Auction Flipping (eBay dropshipping guide) 91.Andrei Kreicbergs – Ebay Dropshipping Coaching Course 92.Simon Charlton – eBay To Amazon Arbitrage Guide 93.eBay Powerseller academy: comprehensive in depth study 94.eBay for newbies: learn the basics to start selling on eBay 95.[Download] “The eCominomics Blueprint” – Resell on eBay/Amazon for PENNIES on the dollar 96.eBay: Make Money Flipping Cars On eBay 97.[Download] Ebay’s Quick Cash-Out 2.0 98.[Download] eBay Sellers Ultimate Bootcamp Double Your Profits 99.eBay Partner Network: Create Affiliate Home Business Fast 100.Cold Email Kings – The Exact COLD Email Sequence to Ultimately Partner with Amazon 101.Dan Meadors – The Amazon Wholesale Formula 2019 102.Michelle Barnum Smith – Amazon Messenger 103.Youngjoon Sun – Amazon FBA Mastermind 104.Matthew Gambrell – Amazon Assassin Drop Shipping Course 105.Augustas Kligys – European Amazon Summit 106.Get Seller Tradecraft – Amazon Playbook 107.Andrew Minalto – Amazon Sharks 108.Jordan Kilburn – Amazon Millionaire Mentorship Program 109.Philip A. Covington – The Ultimate Amazon Seller 110.Todd Snively, Chris Keef – Ecomm Elite Wholesale Amazon 111.Kale and Taylor – Nine University 2.0 LINKEDIN courses 112.Justin Welsh – The LinkedIn Playbook 113.Jimmy Coleman – LinkedIn Lead Challenge 114.Mike Cooch – LinkedIn Advertising Bootcamp 115.NATASHA VILASECA – LINKEDIN UNLEASHED 116.GROWING YOUR SMALL BUSINESS WITH LINKEDIN 117.LINKEDIN INCUBATOR – LIAM AUSTIN
TRADING courses
118.Stock Options Day Trading Mindset For Success 119.Wiseguys Revealed: Modern Flow Trading 120.ABS – Reese Shapiro – Binary Option Money Making Private Method 121.CF X UNIVERSITY – CARTER FX 2.0 122.TradeSmart College – Bollinger Bands Necessities 123.WARRIOR PRO TRADING COURSE 124.MAFIA TRADING – MINDSET TRADER DAY TRADING COURSE 125.TradeSmart College – Buying and selling Plans 126.STOCK TRADING SIMPLIFIED: THE COMPLETE GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS 127.FX CARTEL TRADING COURSE 128.INVESTOPEDIA ACADEMY BY DAVID GREEN 129.GREG CAPRA – PRISTINE STOCK TRADING METHOD(for download) 130.ADVANCE STOCK TRADING (SHORT TERM, SWING AND LONG TERM) 131.The Complete Trading Course – Price Patterns, Strategies, Setups, And Execution Tactics By Corey Rosenbloom 132.Cryptocurrency Trading And Ico Investment Masterclass 2018 | Blockchain 133.ROCKY DARIUS – Crypto Trading Mastery Course 134.The Trading Boss Method 1 And 2 135.RASHAD SMITH – 7 Figures Forex Course 136.The Forex Scalper Mentorship Package(for download) 137.PIPS UNIVERSITY – The Only Forex Course You Will Ever Need(For Download) 138.URBAN FOREX – Mastering Price Action 139.ATLAS FOREX – FOREX COURSE 140.FOREVER BLUE – FOREX COURSE 141.ANGEL TRADERS FOREX STRATEGY COURSE 142.MAKE MONEY WORK FROM HOME ONLINE TRADE FOREX 4 BEGINNERS 143.JASON STAPLETON – TRADERS WORKSHOP FOREX FULL COURSE 144.FOREX TRADING FOR NEWBIES 145.CRYPTO TRADING MASTERY COURSE
ECOM courses
146.Jared Goetz – Ecom Hacks Academy 2020 147.Marvin Hospes – eCom Success 3.0 148.Sarah Chrisp – Ecomm Clubhouse 149.Deepwork Labs – eCommerce Accelerator 150.Tony Folly – eCommerce Masterclass-How To Build An Online Business 2019 151.Vince Wang & Jordan Welch – eCom Accelerators Private Mastermind Replays 152.Gabriel St. Germain – eCom Blueprint 2.0 153.Ricky Hayes – Ecom Lifestyle University 154.Rafael Cintron – 7 Figure Ecommerce Inner Circle 155.iStack Traning – Ecommerce Mastery live Asia Thailand 2019 156.Tai Lopez – ECOM Agency 157.Ecom Titans – Keys To Consistency 158.Gabriel Beltran – The Ecom Millionaire Mastermind, Miami 159.Bill Dalessandro – Ecommerce: Product To Profit 160.Matt Gartner – eCom Lab 161.Arie Scherson – Ecom Inner Circle 162.Matt Gartner – 8 Hour eCommerce Profits 163.Justin Cener – eCommerce Bootcamp Mentor Program 164.Anthony Mastellone – eCom Success Lab 165.Earnest Epps – High Ticket eCom Secrets 166.Jon Mac – Ecommerce Accelerator 167.Seth Smith – Advanced Ecommerce Academy 168.Chris Blair – eCom Vantage
MARKETING courses
169.CXL Institute – 10 Courses Marketing Bundle 170.Matt Serwin – Klaviyo Email Marketing Masterclass 171.Million Dollar Marketing Methods – 2020 SEO 172.Fred Joyal – Marketing Course for Dental Marketing 173.Justin Jackson – Marketing For Developers 174.Brian Bewer – Madcam Marketing 2.0 175.Tiz Gambacorta – Amik Affiliate Marketing Intensive Kickstarter 176.Matt Cramer & Shayne Hillier – Real Estate Marketing Student Beta Program v2.0 177.Sean Vosler – 7 Figure Marketing Copy 178.Russ Henneberry – Content Marketing Mastery Course 2019 179.Ted McGrath – Marketing Masters Map 180.Jon Penberthy – Legit Marketing Academy 2019 181.ConversionXL, Dan McGaw – Optimizing Your Marketing Tech Stack 182.Brandon Belcher – CPA Marketing University 183.Jeremy Haynes – Digital Marketing Manuscript 2.0 + DSP 184.Mohamed Ali Aguel – Momentum Marketing Tribe 185.Jordan Steen -The Digital Marketing School 186.James Jason – Mortgage Marketing Mastery 187.Digital Marketing Nanodegree v3 188.Sean Terry – Marketing Mastery X 189.Simon Colhoun – Affiliate Marketing & List Building Video Course 190.Saj P & Jeevan S – Zero Resistance Marketing 191.Simplilearn – Digital Marketing Certification Training 192.Billy Gene’s Gene Pool | billy gene is marketing 193.Stefan James – Affiliate Marketing Mastery 194.Jaiden Gross – 30-Day Affiliate Marketing Challenge Training ADVERTISING/ ADS courses 195.Harmon Bothers – Write Ads That Sell 196.Dental Clients – Proven Tested Ads and Funnel 2019 197.Traffic and Funnels – Advertising Workshop 198.Eugene M. Schwartz – Breakthrough Advertising 199.Kody – Advanced Bing Ads Training 200.Mike Harri – Pinterest Ads Masterclass 201.Ross Minchev – Pin Ads Jumpstart 202.Patrick Wind – Ads Accelerator Program 203.Adskills – Search And Destroy Bootcamp 204.Duston McGroarty – Push Notification Ads Masterclass 205.Epic Mail Machine – $100K Deals With No Paid Ads 206.Tristan Broughton – Google Ads Ecom Academy 207.Google Ads Mastery 2019-2020 208.Justin Sardi – Video Ads Masterclass
SALES courses
209.Josh Braun – Sales DNA 210.Dan Kennedy – Ultimate Sales Letter 2.0 211.Jim Huffman – The ClickMinded Sales Funnel Course 212.Building Sales Funnels for Backend Profits 213.GKIC – The No B.S. Renegade Guide To Putting Together A Highly Effective Sales Team
SMMA courses
214.Joel Kaplan – SMMA 7 Figure Agency 215.Quenten Chad & Jovan Stojanovic – 30 Days SMMA 216.Nick Kenens – Cold Emails for SMMA
COPYWRITING courses
217.Jim Edwards – Copywriting Secrets 218.Kyle – The Process A Draft By Draft Copywriting Walkthrough 219.Kim Krause Schwalm – Ultimate KKS Bundle (Copywriting) 220.Ray Edwards – Copywriting Academy 2 221.Shortcut Copywriting Secrets 222.Paul Hollingshead – AWAI’s Accelerated Program for Six-Figure Copywriting 223.Pam Foster – Direct Response Copywriting Course 224.Writing Tools & Hacks Copywriting/Blogging/Content Writing (Download) 225.AWAI – The Web Copywriter’s Clear Path to Profits
BLOGGING courses
226.Sarah Titus – Best Blogging Bundle 227.Ahrefs Academy – Blogging for business 228.WordPress Blogging How To Start A WordPress Blog 229.Blogging to Generate Leads: Business Blogging Essentials CONSULTING courses 230.IMQueen – 1 Hour Consulting 231.Alex Becker – Hero Consulting Accelerator 232.Joe Soto – Local Consulting Academy Update last 233.Sabri Suby – Consulting Empire 234.John Shea – The SEO Consulting Blueprint (DOWNLOAD) 235.John Logar – Consulting Rocket 236.Sam Ovens – The Consulting Blueprint Complete
AGENCY courses
237.Elizetxe – Agency Blueprint 238.Sebastian Robeck and Bryan Ostemiller – Agency Hyper Growth 239.Michael Laurens – Agency Accelerator 240.Mariah Miller – Agency Takeoff 241.Jeff Miller – The Agency Scaling Secrets Trainings And Masterclasses 242.Natasha Takahashi – The Chatbot Agency Accelerator 243.Alex Brittingham – Agency Growth Hack 244.Jason Wardrop – The 6 Figure Agency Blueprint 245.Jeff Millers – Agency Scaling Secret 246.Bob Mangat – 7 Figure Agency Update-1 247.Joseph Davis – Underground Agency Playbook 248.Joseph Davis – Digital Agency Masterclass 249.Get Chris Record – Digital Agency Builders 2019 250.Brian Willie – Maps Liftoff Agency 251.Robb Quinn – Agency in a Box
EMAIL courses
252.Ben Settle – Email Players List Swell 253.Mike Shreeve – Email Academy 254.Alex Berman – Email 10k 255.Ezra Firestone – Smart Email Marketing 2.0 256.Matt Bacak – Email Marketing Specialist 257.HOW TO SEND UNLIMITED EMAILS STEP BY STEP 258.Ben Adkins – Cold Email Clients 259.Email Prospecting Blitz 260.Justin Cener – 97 Done For You Email Templates
BUSINNES courses
261.Max Tornow – Freedom Business Mentoring 262.Caity Hunt – Home Business Freedom Formula 263.John Whiting – Business Growth for Entrepreneurs 264.Josh Hall – Web Design Business Course 265.Andre Chaperon – Lean Business For Creators 266.Katie Yeakle – Secrets of Writing High-Performance Business-to-Business Copy 267.Beau Crabill – Credit Cards for Business
MANAGEMENT courses
268.Tai Lopez – Home Sharing Management Company 269.Ezra Firestone – Traffic MBA – Smart Project Management ORATORY, CHARISMA, PERSUASION, FOCUS and MIND courses 270.Charlie Houpert – Charisma University 271.Jason Capital – The DOMINANCE 272.Jim Kwik – Unleash Your Brain 273.Vanessa Van Edwards – People School Science of People 274.Ramit Sethi – How To Talk To Anybody (Complete) 275.Magnetic Influence – Dani Johnson 276.Lazy Consultant System – Mitch Miller 277.Professional Speakers Academy – Andy Harrington 278.Unlimited Persuasion Power 279.Creating Fame Complete – Laura Roeder 280.[Download] HypnoRitual 281.Conversion XL – Digital Psychology and Persuasion Minidegree 282.Fascinate Your 7 Triggers to Persuasion and Captivation – Sally Hogshead 283.Persuasion IQ The 10 Skills You Need To Get Exactly What You Want 284.Power of Persuasion – Eben Pagan 285.Unlimited Persuasion Power 286.Course Builder’s Laboratory – Danny Iny 287.Bob Proctor – Magic In Your Mind 288.Mind Body Eating Online Conference BOTS courses 289.Steve Larsen – ChatBots For MLM 290.Brian Anderson – Quantum Chat Bots 291.Nick Moreno – Messenger Bots For Entrepreneurs 292.Scott Oldford and Katya Sarmiento – Bots for Business 293.Bastian Ernst – Funnel Bots Pro OTHER COURSES 294.Asian Efficiency – Finisher’s Fastlane 295.Colin Dijs – December Mastermind 2019 296.The Lending Lead Gen Academy 297.Stu McLaren – Tribe 2019 298.Yuping Want – Sourcing Warrior Mastermind 299.Carl Allen – Dealmaker Wealth Society 300.Nick Torson & Max Sylvestre – Quit 9 To 5 Academy 301.Bob Diamond – The Overages Blueprint 2019 302.Get Aidan Booth and Steven Clayton – Parallel Profits 303.Harlan Kilstein – Sneaker Riches 304.Tony Robbins, Dean Graziosi – The Knowledge Broker Blueprint 305.Mitch Harper – 60 Day Startup 306.RSD max - The Natural 307.Guru Siphon Formula – 6 modules & 143 videos 308.Andre Chaperon – Lean Business For Creators 309.Todd Brown – Borrowed Best Seller JASON CAPITAL courses 310.Instagram Agent System 311.Conversation God 2019 312.Email Income Experta 313.Sales god 314.High Income Weekly Skills Training 315.Status Unleashed (bonus) 316.THE JASON CAPITAL COPYWRITING CERTIFICATION PROGRAM TAI LOPEZ courses 317.Tai Lopez - SMMA 2.0 318.Tai Lopez - Cashflow System 319.Tai Lopez - Digital Social Marketing Consultant 320.TAI LOPEZ – PRIVATE MENTOR CONFERENCE 2018 321.TAI LOPEZ –ENTREPRENEURS STARTER KIT DAN LOK courses 322.DAN LOK – HIGH TICKET CLOSER 323.Dan Lok – Instagram Secret 2019 324.DAN LOK – PERFECT CLOSING SCRIPT 325.DAN LOK – TUBE YOUR OWN HORN 326.DAN LOK – 6 STEPS TO 6 FIGURES
IMAN GADZHI courses
327.IMAN GADZHI – AGENCY INCUBATOR 328.IMAN GADZHI – SIX FIGURE SMMA 329.IMAN GADZHI – INFLUENCER IGNITED 2.0 330.IMAN GADZHI – KAIZEN CURE 331.IMAN GADZHI – PEN TO PROFIT MEMBERSHIP If you need proof of the courses, just let me know and if you are looking for another course that is not on the list, we will just let you know and we will give you a good price. We have more than 1000 courses available. Write us [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
I have about 16 weeks over the summer to complete a research project. Can you guys suggest any recent and interesting developments in FX? Keep in mind I want to work in FX at an investment bank eventually. Personally I think working with data and models would be more beneficial to landing a job out here on Bay St. (Toronto). As an analyst, nobody is going to care about my theoretical opinions and trading strategies. I don't expect them too either, university world != real world. I just think this would be a great opportunity to improve my empirical and modelling skills.
Stats: 5’7, 156 lbs, 14-15% body fat and was lifting 2-4 days a week at the gym Sidebar: Read RPC Finances: Making more money I’ve made working being currently unemployed ironically...I was working for a company that the government shut down lol. Living at home and trading forex until I can do that full-time. Spiritual: about 3 weeks in of seriously dedicating my life to reading the Bible daily, watching a sermon daily, praying and meditating daily, and fully believing that God will provide. ————————————— With that out of the way, I’ve probably been red pill for about 2 years now. Dating apps suck (especially Christian Mingle LOL) and it almost seems impossible to meet a girl that actually believes in God, practices, and has goals for herself and her faith anywhere besides church. I have 92 matches on Tinder but I might as well have no matches at that point honestly. When most girls I’ve even given time of day are really REALLY into me, they get turned off at the thought of me waiting to have sex, and I truly think it’s because most of them can only offer sex or are used to a man only wanting sex and not THEM as a human being. Ideally, I just want a future wife that doesn’t take life too serious. Doesn’t enjoy being lazy, doesn’t enjoy sitting around all day and just eating junk, and that doesn’t have addiction to social media. One that’s health conscious, has passions and goals, wants to leave behind a legacy for her children (monetarily, mentally and spiritually) and that just wants the simple things in life! I’m newly 24 years old, I’m at the point in my life now where I’m about to just work nonstop until I’m a full-time entrepreneur, and just sacrifice everything else to God until we get there together, which I know we will! My question is, in this situation, should I even be trying to find a woman of God to build an empire with? Or should I just pray about it and move on? So many RP Coaches are pretty much MGTOW, and most traditional people just tell me “you’ll find love when you’re not looking for it” all that jazz. I just don’t want to generalize EVERY woman like most on YouTube do, and hardly any of them ever talk about religion anyway! Thank you all for your advice!
Hey guys, here are some recent job openings in ON. Feel free to comment here or send me a private message if you have any questions, I'm at the community's disposal! If you encounter any problems with any of these job openings please let me know that I will modify the table accordingly. Thanks!
Hey guys, here are some recent job openings in ON. Feel free to comment here or send me a private message if you have any questions, I'm at the community's disposal! If you encounter any problems with any of these job openings please let me know that I will modify the table accordingly. Thanks!
Hey guys, here are some recent job openings in QC. Feel free to comment here or send me a private message if you have any questions, I'm at the community's disposal! If you encounter any problems with any of these job openings please let me know that I will modify the table accordingly. Thanks!
Hey guys, here are some recent job openings in QC. Feel free to comment here or send me a private message if you have any questions, I'm at the community's disposal! If you encounter any problems with any of these job openings please let me know that I will modify the table accordingly. Thanks!
Potential useful info, asking for advice/guidance - new to commodities
Hey all, To be quite frank I'm much more comfortable/experienced in equities, but I see a potential market imbalance that would require me to trade a commodities. I've traded options/forex on paper to understand them, and would typically take that approach with commodities. Problem is, I feel (key word I'm not even sure how to validate my theory) I'm seeing something the majority of people are not. That's how I make money in equities, and how I assume you make money in commodities. My plan would be to look at empirical data to guide me on where I think a particular commodity price will land in August, using similar historical situations to understand what the price might do. Once that is determined, I would call my broker and explain what I think will happen and ask for a recommendation on what position to take. Just feel very uneasy about trading something I do not understand and either need a reality check, or resources to make the trade. I'm more than happy to lose money to learn, always been interested in commodities, and feel like I'm seeing something others are not. Would be the best time in my mind to make the trade. Also, if my broker might misguide me (TD) just want to be informed. Thanks!!!!!!!! Edit: Fuck it, you guys are right this is garbage. Have thick skin so feel free to make fun of me all you want. Go to my post history and look at the most recent one from conspiracy. Yes, I'm serious. Not making the trade based on that information, but I have heard from multiple sources that a food shortage was coming up. These are farmers in MO, and one other person I cannot name. Got multiple sources telling me the same thing, getting information from separate sources. I'm intrigued to say the least. They'll keep it out of the news until it will be a problem for a damn good reason. Alright, have at me. Before you start, look at my posts in stocks and investing. Called the 3/23 bounce pretty well.
Hi there, a couple of things that might confuse and overwhelm to new investors are currency risk and hedging. If you are not familiar with these terms, here and here you have some reading. Even experienced investors that known the theory finds the choice (or not) of a Hedged ETF sometimes cumbersome due to the back and forth logic that you have to follow in your head. Usually a graph helps to clarify the relation between Currency, Hedged and UnHedged ETFs. So, decide between both options (if available) is inconvenient? Well, there are some rules and general recommendations for different cases based on common sense and empirical evidence. That's why I tried to put those recommendations on a flow diagram. I would appreciate your feedback because this is the first version and it may contain errors so, as usual, before using any information to invest, double check it! Points to keep in mind (kind of a disclaimer):
Currency hedging is a way to manage risk, not to add return and so is the idea of this flow diagram.
You won't always find a Hedged version of the ETF that you want.
As always, this is a way to help you taking best decisions based on YOUR broad goal. This is not an exact science and one size NEVER fits all.
The flow was thought to compare ETFs replicating the same index but Hedged (if available) and Unhedged versions.
The logic of the flow is at ETF level, not at Portfolio level. That means that if you apply it to your Portfolio of, lets say 5 ETFs, that does not imply that you should hedge or unhedge your whole Portfolio.
Hedged ETFs are always more expensive than Unheged's of the same Index and Provider. Therefor I used that fact for the last decision box, but is purely subjective and at that point you can use any other parameter to tiebreak: Size, Volume, Spread, etc. or all of them.
Change ideas are welcomed!: Version 2 EDIT 19/04/2020: Version 2 with 1st block addition. An example of why
A Short Story that Describes Imaginary Events and People of Worldwide Calamities and the Aftermath (the 2nd Edition)
The following story, all names, characters, and incidents portrayed in this post are fictitious. No identification with actual persons (living or deceased), places, buildings, and products is intended or should be inferred. However, the LINKS to real-life events and inspiring sources are placed here and there throughout the story. -------- Truth is the Only Light -------- INTRO ☞ [As of 2019] there are plenty of reasons to think the Chinese system will implode spectacularly without Japanese feeling the need to do a thing. — Peter Zaihan, Disunited Nations (Mar 03, 2020) It's apparent that two nations have been engaged in a high-stakes military & economy arms race. The current US admin has been hitting China with waves of tariffs, but that was merely a small part of what's actually going on. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] On Oct 11, 2019, when they reached a tentative agreement for the first phase of a trade deal, the fact that China made the concession actually made my jaw drop. From where I sit, it was a worrisome scene. Aren't people saying, when challenging situations are bottled up, they will just grow and mutate into another terrible complications? Admittedly I was not certain how they are going to adhere to the agreement: It left most of the US tariffs (on China's exports) in place, and at the same time, came with an additional USD $200 Billion burden for China over the next two years. This agreement might seem a bit insignificant, but now China would need to purchase almost twice the size of the US products & services they did before the trade war began. With their current economic climate? I murmured, "No way." While watching Trump brag and boast around with said agreement, I expected China would soon come out and fling some improvised excuses in order to delay the document-signing process. It wouldn't be their first time. More importantly, even if China does so, there wouldn't be many (real) counterattack options left for the Trump admin during this year, the US presidential election year. Then, on Jan 16, 2020, the world’s two largest economies actually signed a partial trade agreement aimed at putting the brakes on an 18-month trade war. China would almost surely not sit down but come back to bite, I thought. Enter the worldwide chaos following so called the COVID-19 outbreak. -------- BACKGROUND ☞ Globalists have been heavily investing in China's economy and its components overseas. • Here are a couple of well known names: the Great Old One; George Soros; Koos Bekker; and Bill Gates. • For the sake of convenience, from here on, let's call these globalists, who are foreign investors in China's top tier state-owned/sponsored/controlled enterprises, Team-Z. • Team-Z has adopted big time lackeys like Henry Kissinger or small time ones like Larry Summers, Stephen Hadley, or Bill Browder as matchmakers to court Team-Z for China's top tier enterprises. When Israel's highest echelons chimed in, it has been through Israeli IT companies and the BRI projects. • Naturally, multinational investment banks have also been employed; such as Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), UBS Group AG (formerly Union Bank of Switzerland), Blackstone Group, Canaccord Genuity, BlackRock, Hermitage, or Mirae Asset. ☞ Note: The Great Old One didn't use any matchmakers, something peasants would need. Because the Great Old One's power level is over 9000. • China's Shanghai clique used to keep the nation's state-sponsored enterprises under their firm grip: Enterprises such as Alibaba Group, Tencent, Baidu, Wanda Group, HNA Group, Anbang Group, Evergrande Group, CEFC Energy and Huawei, all of which Team-Z has massively invested in. • Here is how Shanghai clique and Team-Z, esp. Bill Gates, started to get together:[LINK] • However, in the name of anti-corruption campaign, Xi Jinping & his Princelings have been taking those businesses away from Shanghai clique's hand, and transforming those state-sponsored private enterprises into the state-owned enterprises, declaring the 國進民退 movement. • Slaying Shanghai clique's control = [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] • 國進民退 + Slaying Shanghai clique's control = [A] [B] [C] • Xi's reign didn't arrive today without challenges though: the BRI projects' poor outcome has frustrated Israel's great expectations. And since the US-China trade war has started, the problems of China's economic systems started to surface, not to mention China's economy has long been decaying. • Coupled with the US-China trade war, the current US admin has been trying to block Huawei from accessing the international financial systems that the US can influence, as well as the US banking systems. This is a good time to remind you again that Bill Gates has had a very close-knit relationship with Huawei. -------- TRADE WAR & INTERNET-BASED COMPANIES ☞ It's the trade war, but why were internet-based companies such as Tencent and Baidu suffering losses? Answer: The state-sponsored companies like Tencent, Baidu, or Huawei have heavily invested in international trade and commodity markets, which are easily influenced by aspects that IMF interest rates, the US sanctions, or trade war can create. Example: Let's say, Tencent invests in a Tehran-based ride-hailing company. Then, through said ride-hailing company, Tencent invests in Iran's petroleum industry. Now, China's most valuable IT company is in international petrochemical trade. The business is going to make great strides until the US imposes trade embargoes oand economic sanctions against Iran. -------- TL;DR China's economy going down = Team-Z losing an astronomical amount of money. ★ Wednesday, Sep 26, 2018 ★ "Gentlemen, you guys might want to do something before it's too bloody late, no? Hisspeechlast night was .... (sniggers) Mr. Gates, now is as good a time as any. Mr.Soros, hm, don't look at melikethat." ".... But," "Yes, Mr. Soros, yourHNAis going down, too. .... Ah,Schwarzmanxiansheng, we're very sorry to learn about Blackstone'sIran&SinopecChinasituation. So, we're guessing, you'd be happy to join Mr. Gates's operation, yes? Of course, We already contactedKissingerxiansheng. ....Okaythen,Gentlemen?" • Now you can take a guess why George Soros has recently been sending out confusing messages regarding Xi Jinping. • Wait, how about Wuhan Institute of Virology? Doesn't this story concern the COVID-19 outbreak? Is the Wuhan Institute also associated with Shanghai clique? Yes, indeed. Here's How Wuhan Institute of Virology and Shanghai Clique are related:[LINK] -------- EIGHT OBJECTIVES ☞ Calling for the tide to be turned, Team-Z and Shanghai clique started to devise the plan. The objectives are: ① By shutting down international trade, crashing world economy, and exploiting its aftermath, the plan should produce an outcome letting Team-Z earn back their loss from the trade war & the US sanctions, and collect additional profits from China's BRI projects & stock markets worldwide, including the US stock markets. • Don't forget this: This point number ① also concerns the developing nations on the BRI with the large deposits of natural resources that Team-Z has invested in through China. If everything comes together nicely, Team-Z will pick up trillions of dollars from those nations alone as if they are light as a feather. Ironically this will reinforce the BRI project governance and mitigate fraud & corruption risks inherent to the international development projects. ② By utilizing the aftermath in the US, a new US administration consisted of pro-Beijing personnels should be fostered at the 2020 election. In a worst-case scenario, the aftermath should be abused enough to make Robert Lighthizer to leave the admin. Mr. Mnuchin could stay. ③ Sometime next year, the phase one trade deal must be reassessed with the new US admin. The reassessment should help China take the upper-hand at the second phase trade talk. ④ The pandemic crisis should yield a situation which allows China to delay the payments for its state-firm offshore debts. With the point number ①, this will give China a breathing room to manage its steadily-fallen forex reserves. ⑤ Since their current turf (in China) is education industry & medical science industry, Shanghai clique will have no issue with earning hefty profits by managing China's export of medical equipments & health care products which can be supplied worldwide mainly by China. People in the west will bent the knees for the clique's support. ☞ Regarding Jiang Zemin's son and medical science industry in China [LINK] ⑥ The outcome should weaken Xi & his Princelings' political power considerably in favour of Shanghai clique & Team-Z. This will let Jiang's Shanghai clique (A) reclaim some of political status & business interest controls they have lost to Xi & his Princelings. • And once this point number ⑥, with the point number ② , is realized, it would be much easier for the clique to (B) recover their huge assets hidden overseas that the current US admin or Xi & his Princelings have frozen. ⑦ Combining good old bribery with sex, the outcome should support China to re-secure control over the US governors. Once the plan is executed successfully, those governors would desperately need solutions to local economic problems and unemployment. ⑧ Lastly, implementing an e-ID system in the US similar to Beijing's Alipay and WeChat could be the cherry on top of the operation's entire outcomes. Who's supporting such a system worldwide? None other than Microsoft and Rockefeller Foundation. ಠ_ಠ -------- OLD COMRADE BECOMES A NEW RECRUIT ☞ They were afraid more talents were needed. The main target was the world’s largest economy with the most powerful military capability, after all. They ended up asking Mr. Fridman to see Lord Putin about that. The old Vova was going through a lot nowadays, people said. It could be because his nation's energy business to Europeseems to be hitting wall after wall. He is said to have enough on his plate with no end in sight, so maybe he'll join. ★ Monday, Jan 15, 2018 ★ "(pours a drink for himself) I know, but. ... What would happen if Bashar falls? How long you think you can keep it up? .... Erdogan is many things (sniggers) but he's nevergentle. (sips his drink slowly) WhenBenji'sEastMed Pipeline starts to actively compete, then what? They got the Chinamoneynow. ....Vagitand his buddies will be very unhappy. You know that. Not great, Vova." "...." "Ah, you mean what are we going to do? Hm? Hm. I'll tell you what we're going to do. This time, we're going to bankrupt the US shale gas sector. Then, of course, we can maybe convince Benji to take their time with the pipeline. Perhaps for good. (sips his drink slowly) Don't worry, Vova, It'll work. You worry too much. We'll come out the other side stronger." "So, how long until they set it off? "Hahaa, yes. They'll soon put all things in place. While marching in place, they'll play the tune a couple of months before the next sochelnik." "Nearly 20 months to brace things here, then?" "(nod slowly in happiness) Hm. Оторви́сь там, оттопы́рься, Vova" -------- USEFUL IDIOTS ☞ When the directive came, these idiots answered claiming they would be gladly "on it." All in the name of rejuvenating China's economy without grasping the real objective prevailing throughout the entire operation. Thing is, they would never realize what they are to Team-Z & their Asian overlord until it’s too late. Who are they? It's A and B, not A or B: (A) the American corporations that are too big to fail and have suffered a considerable loss because of the US-China trade war. Among those corporations, (B) the ones that have been structured with massive interest-profit relationships in/with China. "We need China in order for the US as a nation to continue being prosper," they've been shouting. No surprise there, because they've enjoyed the strides of extraordinary profits over the years while the US middle class has continued to shrink. But, in 2019 when China's stock markets nosedived for the first time since 2015 and China's authorities in financial stability & resiliency fumbled their response; it wiped that smile off their face. Still, they'll keep behaving not to offend their Asian overlord, nonetheless. -------- PERFECT PLAN ☞ Many crucial components had to come into play all at once in order to cause World War I. If one of the components were missing or different, it is unlikely that the World War I as we know of could be produced. ① The US in 2019: Overbought bubbles + Over borrowed corporations ② The US in 2020: It's an Election Year. ③ Russia has been dumping US Treasuries for the past few years. ④ Russia has been hoarding golds as if they were recreating Inca Empire. ⑤ China in 2019: Immense & long term financial troubles has started to surface. ⑥ China in 2020: The phase-one deal has been signed; leaving most of tariffs on China intact and adding another $200 Billion burden for China. ⑦ Team-Z sets up a situation in the US where some event(s) would freeze the US supply chains & demand for the next three to ten months. • Just like the 9/11, the event will be initiated at the clique's own region. However, unlike in China, the US will report multiple epicentres simultaneously. • And the CDC and the US medical task force will carry on with a number of sabotage acts, to secure enough time for the infected yet untested in those US epicentres to spread plenty. [1] [2] [3] • Here's a feasible timeline of the operation. ⑧ Then, the BOOM: Team-Z (a) manipulates the markets to make sure MM will have liquidity concerns (b) when they need it most. The (c) bottomed out oil price will be an enforcement, which will also wreck the US energy sector as a kicker. The (d) WHO will also join as a disinformation campaign office. • Then a couple of big name investment managers will lead a movement that (will try to) bring back foreign money back to China. [1] [2] • Meanwhile, in US, the disinformation campaign will continue to be pushed until the second wave of attack arrives. -------- MEASURABLE SHORT-TERM OUTCOME ☞ We're now going through World War III. The global structure laid down by World War II had been shaken by globalization and the rise of China. This pandemic event will shock the structure further. Human history will be divided into Before 2021 and After 2021. ① Outcome pt. 1: Immediate Aftermath [pt.1] [pt.2] ② Outcome pt. 2: The US economy goes deep dive along with world economy, and the only thing Team-Z has to do is to exploit the aftermath which has been thoroughly calculated and eagerly anticipated. — Favoured assessment: There won't be a V curve ever, unless drastic measures taken within the timeframe of four months. Unprecedented market crash, the rapid unemployment acceleration because of the supply-chain shut down, and the near-death security which in turn forces consumer confidence to plummet. We're looking at a super long L shape curve unless the US prepares fast for the second wave of their asymmetric warfare. ③ Outcome pt. 3: Arguably the most important outcome. — Because of the unprecedented shutdown of international trade, the nations heavily rely on exporting natural resources will face the extreme financial threats. What if some of those are emerging markets AND massively in debt to China? What do you think China would do to said nations while the aftermath is hitting the globe hard? [PDF] Something comparable to Latin American Debt Crisis will happen. ④ Outcome pt. 4: Not that significant compared to the others but still notable outcome. — The world will need Shanghai clique's help to get medical products and equipments. -------- WHAT'S NEXT? ☞ Several analysts have discussed off the record that next it'd be a proxy warfare not using armed conflicts but with spreading a galaxy of counterfeit-currency across every possible channels. Coincidently, on Dec 13, 2017, Business Insider reported in an article "A $100 counterfeit 'supernote' found in South Korea could have been made in North Korea" that:
"It was the first of a new kind of supernote ever found in the world," Lee Ho-Joong, head of KEB Hana Bank's anti-counterfeit centre told Agence France-Presse.
Reporting the same news, The Telegraph published an article on Dec 11, 2017:
"It seems that whoever printed these supernotes has the facilities and high level of technology matching that of a government", said Lee Ho-jung, a bank spokesman from KEB Hana Bank in South Korea. "They are made with special ink that changes colour depending on the angle, patterned paper and Intaglio printing that gives texture to the surface of a note".
FX Empire’s top picks for the best MT4 (MetaTrader 4) Forex brokers. We evaluated each broker for its regulations, trading platforms, commissions, customer service and more. Demo Account Forex. Forex Empire is a company that we started to help other people understand forex as it is a hugely misunderstood concept which has been given a bad name for the wrong reasons. We offer : Forex Seminars. Advanced Forex Course. Subscription Service . Cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies are one of the most underrated investments a person can ... forex_empire. 38.2 tested, pull back for a retest before looking short opportunity. 6. 0. us dollar - triple top . dxy, w. short. forex_empire. look for a short till the tp 1 trendline and if it breaks the trendline expect the price to drop to the next tp 2 trendline and finally the lowest it can drop is 79.00 tp 3. 2. 0. The home of copy and trade Forex. USD/JPY Forex Technical Analysis – Big Decision for Buyers at 105.526 to 105.885. Gold Price Futures (GC) Technical Analysis – Reaction to $1889.70 – $1842.60 Retracement Zone Sets the Tone ...
EUR/USD Technical Analysis for July 14, 2020 by FXEmpire
The gold markets rallied a bit during the trading session on Thursday, breaking above the $1700 level again. Furthermore, we reached towards the highs, but i... FOREX TRADING 2020 HOW TO MAKE $20+ PER HOUR FOREX TRADER FOREX COURSE 👉http://thewealthyempire.net LEADPAGES: http://bit.ly/LeadPages2019 My #1 Income E... S&P 500 Technical & Sentiment Analysis for June 11, 2020 by FX Empire - Duration: 8:20. FX Empire 6,496 views. 8:20. Weekly Forex Forecast for EURUSD, GBPUSD, USDJPY, NZDUSD, USDCAD ... Forex Empire was started by two young men that had a drive to be successful and would stop at nothing to achieve it. We had business ideas and knew they woul... An author with FX Empire since May 2019 Accredited by the Society of Technical Analysts, Jitan keeps close ties the industry by working with trader education...